It is of greater concern than near surface compaction because it is a difficult problem to solve and may take many years, or even decades, under vigorous pasture to rehabilitate. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. Nuclear compaction test report for acp with randoms. Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids. A compaction test is a soil quality test used to assess the level of compaction which can occur in the soil on a site. Compaction curves should be prepared for all types of soil in the project area, before earthwork commences. Test data is used for support of building foundations, roads and other earth retaining structures. At the top of the form is an area that allows the user to switch between the different units. Compaction tests are commonly performed as part of a geotechnical profile of a building site. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Soil water acts as a lubricant increasing compaction when a load is imposed on the soil. Soil compaction is the process of increasing the density of soil by packing the soil particles closer together causing a reduction in the volume of air. This form is an option for use inlieu of the standard 1793 a form. Compaction reduces the voids ratio making it more difficult for water to flow through water seepage soil.
Modified proctor aashto t180astm d1557 testing procedures more closely approximate the compaction effort of modern equipment. This section includes a sample of each of the odot forms used for submitting samples and reporting test results. Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Wet soils are particularly susceptible to compaction. The results of these field tests are compared to the target values see chapter 5 to determine if the. A great deal of judgment is required when performing such work. According to compaction theory, when samples of a soil are compacted at different water contents using the same compactive. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids.
Soils field testing north dakota department of transportation. Terry had risen to the leadership of committee d18 through his 20 years of exemplary hard work and quality performance. The results of these field tests are compared to the target values see chapter 5 to determine if the contractor has met specifications for density and moisture. Compaction of soil purpose and effects of soil compaction. Soil comp action test report by yasas89 physical sciences science. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in footpounds per cubic foot of soil. Im 309 determining standard proctor moisture density relationship of soils. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. Jan 27, 2019 standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r.
It is also desirable to know the optimum soil conditions for compacting a given soil. May 01, 2017 types of soil compaction test in laboratory standard proctor test modified proctor test gyratory compaction test 11. Test frequency nd t 180 or nd t 99, moisturedensity relations of soils multipoint 1 compaction curve for each change in soil. We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. Here we are going to compute the bulk density of sand down to the degree of compaction of soil i would really want to pursue this article just to completely show the full process of getting the results of the test from taking the. Standard proctor test, the soil is compacted by a 5. All participants nominated the test methods used as as 1289. Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. Figure 7 at the back of this publication is a stan dard data recording form. Title and subtitle evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of densities for compacting fine sands 5. His original test is most commonly referred to as the standard proctor compaction test. This provides the designer with assurance that the specified level of compaction will achieve the degree of improvement required. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. In the other hand, soil compaction test is carried out in the laboratory in determining the ideal volume of water to be poured while compaction the soil on site so that the required.
Excess water should be removed from the hole immediately 4. This form is the same as 1793 a except that it also has a section to calculate random testing locations and offsets. The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction. Compaction of soil increases the shear strength and load bearing capacity of the soil. If different soils are mixed, then check points should be calculated to ascertain the optimum moisture level for the soil mixture being placed and tested. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given comp active effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. Here we are going to compute the bulk density of sand down to the degree of compaction of soil. For instance, a compaction test similar to the bs light test but using, say, 50 blows per layer.
One example contains recommendations for an established perennial fruit crop, grapes, and the other example contains recommendations for three annual vegetable crops. This is a continuation of the previous article i posted how to do a compaction test or insitu density test, about the calculation of the compaction test report. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. They may also be performed to learn more about a soil in a particular area, whether or not the area is slated for development. Nd d 2167, density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubber balloon method, or nd t 191, density of soil inplace by the sand cone method 1 test per 1,500 feet of compacted roadway per 12 lift. Evaluation of laboratory compaction techniques for. This paper presents a brief historical account of soil compaction development. Soil comp action test report by yasas89 physical sciences. Soil in place is tested for inplace dry bulk density, and the result is divided by the maximum dry density to obtain a relative compaction for the soil in place.
Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. Dec 27, 2014 this is a continuation of the previous article i posted how to do a compaction test or insitu density test, about the calculation of the compaction test report. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Soil compaction concerns have been growing in minnesota as both annual precipitation and farm equipment size have dramatically increased. Dcp test should be run immediately after cutting the hole to limit the saturation of the unbound layers. Effects of soil compaction on soil and crop health. This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage.
The location of the test should be determined accurately. Compaction increases the shear strength of the soil. Soils field testing dig a hole with the auger, trowel, or other tools test hole must be approx. Laboratory soil compaction test linkedin slideshare. Compaction test of soil is also known as proctors test is done to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Heavy equipment and tillage implements amplify damage to the soil s structure, decreasing pore space and limiting soil and water volume even further. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. In other words, the density is a comparison of the weight of one cubic foot of material in the field. This study first presents a critical examination of the use of various additives on soil improvement projects. What types of soil tests required for building construction.
Manual of soil laboratory testing 314 every different degree of compaction on a particular soil results in a different compaction curve, each with unique values of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Diagnosing soil compaction using a penetrometer soil. Site address, legal description, and the grading permit under which the work is authorized. Interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement. Proctor test compaction test introduction for earthwork construction it is important to compact soils to a dense state so that the soils will attain satisfactory engineering properties. Site address, legal description, and the grading permit under which the work is. In the other hand, soil compaction test is carried out in the laboratory in. This is important if the soil is being used to retain water such as would be required for an earth dam.
Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. Soil compaction is a serious concern for farmers in pennsylvania. The choice and effectiveness of an additive depends on the type of soil and its field conditions. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. For the same type of soil, the modified proctor yields a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum moisture content.
Interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement treated soils. Compaction of soil is an important process, as it helps it of achieve certain physical properties necessary for its proper behaviour under loading. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. Soil compaction can easily reduce crop yields by 10 percent, and can lead to water and soil quality degradation due to increased runoff and soil structure destruction. The example soil test reports are in exactly the same format as the one you received in the mail from the university of minnesota soil testing laboratory. Modified proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. Fill out test location and project information on data sheet. Example soil test report horticultural crops soil testing. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r.
It is normal procedure to test treated ground during the progress of the compaction works for control purposes to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. Soil compaction compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for. Types of soil compaction test in laboratory standard proctor test modified proctor test gyratory compaction test 11. Heavy equipment and tillage implements amplify damage to the soils structure, decreasing pore space and limiting soil and water volume even further. As water is added to a soil at low moisture content it becomes easier for the particles to move past one another during the application of the compacting. If more than one crop is being grown, there will be separate reports for each crop type. Im 216 guidelines for determining the acceptability of test results. This publication, quality control of soil compaction using astm standards, is dedicated to the memory of former committee d18 chairman, terry hawk.
A typical compaction curve obtained from the british standard light compaction test section 6. The most direct effect of soil compaction is an increase in the bulk density of soil. All participants reported that they used the a sized mould and hand compacted. The report shall include, but not limited to the following. The forms can accommodate two different formats, metric and english. If the soil is plastic in your hand, leaves small traces of moisture on your fingers and stays in one piece when dropped, it has too much moisture for compaction. Generally, a geotechnical engineer will provide recommended specifications to. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for. Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. Soil compaction testing, or density tests, are vital to the construction and engineering sectors and are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. Apr 17, 2020 a compaction test is a soil quality test used to assess the level of compaction which can occur in the soil on a site.
1345 1232 857 94 974 97 1176 1103 641 304 421 1081 1119 608 578 1060 436 858 1062 755 389 404 1193 1103 1114 42 773 267 1488 1485 722 1052 1501 269 556 621 1343 204 627 1247 1406 1188 1017 780